Evolve an Existing Skill

Improve, extend, or create an advanced variant of a skill that was originally authored with create-skill. This procedure covers the maintenance side of the skill lifecycle: assessing gaps, applying targeted improvements, bumping versions, and keeping the registry and cross-references in sync.

When to Use

• A skill's procedure steps are outdated or incomplete after tooling changes
• User feedback reveals missing pitfalls, unclear steps, or weak validation
• A skill needs to grow from basic to intermediate (or intermediate to advanced)
• An advanced variant is needed alongside the original (e.g., create-r-package and create-r-package-advanced)
• Related skills were added or removed and cross-references are stale

Inputs

• Required: Path to the existing SKILL.md to evolve
• Required: Evolution trigger (feedback, tooling change, complexity upgrade, new related skills, discovered pitfalls)
• Optional: Target complexity level if changing (basic, intermediate, advanced)
• Optional: Whether to create an advanced variant instead of refining in-place (default: refine in-place)

Procedure

Step 1: Assess the Current Skill

Read the existing SKILL.md and evaluate each section against the quality checklist:

# Read the skill
cat skills/<skill-name>/SKILL.md

# Check frontmatter parses
head -20 skills/<skill-name>/SKILL.md

# Verify related skills still exist
grep -oP '`[\w-]+`' skills/<skill-name>/SKILL.md | sort -u

Expected: A list of specific gaps, weaknesses, or improvement opportunities.

On failure: If the SKILL.md doesn't exist or has no frontmatter, this skill doesn't apply — use create-skill instead to author it from scratch.

Step 2: Gather Evolution Requirements

Identify and categorize what triggered the evolution:

Document the specific changes needed before editing. List each change with its target section.

Expected: A concrete list of changes (e.g., "Add On failure to Step 4", "Add new Step 6 for edge case X", "Update Related Skills to include new-skill").

On failure: If the changes are unclear, consult the user for clarification before proceeding. Vague evolution goals produce vague improvements.

Step 3: Choose Evolution Scope

Use this decision matrix to determine whether to refine in-place or create a variant:

Refinement: Choose when improving quality, fixing gaps, or adding modest new content. The skill keeps its identity.

Variant: Choose when the evolved version would double the length, change the target audience, or require substantially different inputs. The original stays as-is for simpler use cases.

Expected: A clear decision — refinement or variant — with rationale.

On failure: If unsure, default to refinement. You can always extract a variant later; it's harder to merge one back.

Step 4: Apply Content Changes

For Refinements

Edit the existing SKILL.md directly:

# Open for editing
# Add/revise procedure steps
# Strengthen Expected/On failure pairs
# Add tables or examples
# Update When to Use triggers
# Revise Inputs if scope changed

Follow these editing rules:

• Preserve all existing sections — add content, don't remove sections
• Keep step numbering sequential after insertions
• Every new or modified step must have both Expected and On failure
• New pitfalls go at the end of the Common Pitfalls section
• New related skills go at the end of the Related Skills section

For Variants

# Create the variant directory
mkdir -p skills/<skill-name>-advanced/

# Copy the original as a starting point
cp skills/<skill-name>/SKILL.md skills/<skill-name>-advanced/SKILL.md

# Edit the variant:
# - Change `name` to `<skill-name>-advanced`
# - Update `description` to reflect the advanced scope
# - Raise `complexity` (e.g., intermediate → advanced)
# - Reset `version` to "1.0"
# - Add/expand procedure steps for the advanced use case
# - Reference the original in Related Skills as a prerequisite

Expected: The SKILL.md (refined or new variant) passes the assessment checklist from Step 1.

On failure: If a step edit breaks the document structure, use git diff to review changes and revert partial edits with git checkout -- <file>.

Step 5: Update Version and Metadata

Bump the version field in frontmatter following semver conventions:

Also update:

• complexity if the scope expanded (e.g., basic → intermediate)
• tags if the coverage area changed
• description if the skill's scope is materially different

Expected: Frontmatter version reflects the magnitude of changes. New variants start at "1.0".

On failure: If you forget to bump the version, the next evolution will have no way to distinguish the current state from the previous one. Always bump before committing.

Step 6: Update Registry and Cross-References

For Refinements

No registry changes are needed (path unchanged). Update cross-references only if Related Skills changed in other skills:

# Check if any skill references the evolved skill
grep -r "<skill-name>" skills/*/SKILL.md

For Variants

Add the new skill to skills/_registry.yml:

- id: <skill-name>-advanced
  path: <skill-name>-advanced/SKILL.md
  complexity: advanced
  language: multi
  description: One-line description of the advanced variant

Then:

1. Increment total_skills at the top of the registry
2. Add Related Skills cross-reference in the original skill pointing to the variant
3. Add Related Skills cross-reference in the variant pointing to the original
4. Create symlinks for slash command discovery:

# Project-level
ln -s ../../skills/<skill-name>-advanced .claude/skills/<skill-name>-advanced

# Global
ln -s /mnt/d/dev/p/development-guides/skills/<skill-name>-advanced ~/.claude/skills/<skill-name>-advanced

Expected: Registry total_skills matches find skills -name SKILL.md | wc -l. Cross-references are bidirectional.

On failure: If the registry count is wrong, run find skills -name SKILL.md | wc -l to get the true count and correct the registry. For broken symlinks, use readlink -f to debug resolution.

Step 7: Validate the Evolved Skill

Run the full validation checklist:

• SKILL.md exists at the expected path
• YAML frontmatter parses without errors
• version was bumped (refinement) or set to "1.0" (variant)
• All sections present: When to Use, Inputs, Procedure, Validation, Common Pitfalls, Related Skills
• Every procedure step has Expected and On failure blocks
• Related Skills reference valid, existing skill names
• Registry entry exists with correct path (variants only)
• total_skills count matches actual skill count on disk
• Symlinks resolve correctly (variants only)
• git diff shows no accidental deletions from the original content

# Verify frontmatter
head -20 skills/<skill-name>/SKILL.md

# Count skills on disk vs registry
find skills -name SKILL.md | wc -l
grep total_skills skills/_registry.yml

# Check symlinks (for variants)
ls -la .claude/skills/<skill-name>-advanced
readlink -f .claude/skills/<skill-name>-advanced/SKILL.md

# Review all changes
git diff

Expected: All checklist items pass. The evolved skill is ready to commit.

On failure: Address each failing item individually. The most common post-evolution issue is a stale total_skills count — always verify it last.

Validation

• SKILL.md exists and has valid YAML frontmatter
• version field reflects the changes made
• All procedure steps have Expected and On failure blocks
• Related Skills references are valid (no broken cross-references)
• Registry total_skills matches actual count on disk
• For variants: new entry in _registry.yml with correct path
• For variants: symlinks created at .claude/skills/ and ~/.claude/skills/
• git diff confirms no accidental content removal

Common Pitfalls

• Forgetting to bump version: Without version bumps, there's no way to track what changed or when. Always update version in frontmatter before committing.
• Accidental content deletion: When restructuring steps, it's easy to drop an On failure block or a table row. Always review git diff before committing.
• Stale cross-references: When creating a variant, both the original and the variant need to reference each other. One-directional references leave the graph incomplete.
• Registry count drift: After creating a variant, the total_skills count must be incremented. Forgetting this causes validation failures in other skills that check the registry.
• Scope creep during refinement: A refinement that doubles the skill's length should probably be a variant instead. If you're adding more than 3 new procedure steps, reconsider the scope decision from Step 3.
• Avoid git mv on NTFS-mounted paths (WSL): On /mnt/ paths, git mv for directories can create broken permissions (d?????????). Use mkdir -p + copy files + git rm the old path instead. See the environment guide troubleshooting section.

Related Skills

• create-skill — foundation for authoring new skills; evolve-skill assumes this was followed originally
• commit-changes — commit the evolved skill with a descriptive message
• configure-git-repository — version-controlled skill changes
• security-audit-codebase — review evolved skills for accidentally included secrets